Classification of Feeds and Fodders
The various feeds and
fodders used in livestock feeding are broadly classified as: A)
Roughages; B) Concentrates; C) Feed supplements and Feed additives.
Roughages – Roughages are the feed stuffs which contain more than 18
percent crude fiber and less than 60 percent Total Digestible Nutrients.
Due to higher crude fiber content, they are more bulky and have low
digestibility as compared to concentrates. 1) Maintenance type –
Containing 35
percent DCP e.g. Green maize, oat. 2) Nonmaintenance
type – containing less than 3 percent DCP e.g. Straw, kadbi. 3)
Production type – containing more than 5 percent DCP e.g. Berseem,
lucerne. (DCP – Digestible Crude Protein) The roughages are further
classified into two major group as: 1) Green / succulent roughages –
They contain about 6090
percent moisture eg. Pastures, cultivated
fodders, tree leaves, root crops and silages. 2) Dry roughages – They
contain about 1015
percent moisture e.g. Straw, Hay and kadbi.
Concentrates
These are the feedstuffs
which contain less than 18
percent crude fibre and more
than 60 percent TDN. They
are less bulky and have
higher digestibility. They are
concentrated source of
nutrients and therefore, they
have higher nutritive value
than roughages. The concentrates are further classified as: 1) Energy Rich
Concentrates – e.g. Cereal grains, cereal grain byproducts, Roots and
tubers. 2) Protein Rich Concentrates – i) Plant origin e.g. Oilseed cake,
pulse chuni, Brewer’s grains and yeast. ii) Animal origin e.g. Fish meal,
Meat meal, Blood meal
Feed Supplements
Feed supplements are the compounds used to improve the nutritional
value of the basal feeds so as to take care of any deficiency. Commonly
used feed supplements are 1) Vitamin supplements e.g. Rovimix,
Vitablend, Arovit etc. 2) Mineral supplements e.g. Minimix, Milk min,
Nutrimilk, Aromin etc.
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Feed Additives
Feed additives are the nonnutritive
substances usually added to basal
feed in small quantity for the fortification in order to improve feed
efficiency and productive performance of the animals. Some commonly
used feed additives are as below: 1) Antibiotics e.g. Terramycin, Zinc
bacitracin, Flavomycin etc. 2) Enzymes e.g. Amylase, lipase, protease,
pepsin etc. 3) Hormones eg. Estrogen, progesterone, hexosterol etc. 4)
Thyroprotein e.g. Iodinated casein. 5) Probiotics e.g. Microbial species.
Lactobacillus. 6) Biostimulators e.g. Extracts of living organs like spleen,
liver, ovary, chick embryo etc. 7) Antioxidants e.g. Vitamin E
(Tocopherols), BHT ( Butylated hydroxy toluene). 8) Mold inhibitors e.g.
Propionic acid, acetic acid. 9) Pellet binders e.g Gur, meal, molasses,
sodium bentonite. 10) Coccidiostats e.g. Amprolsol powder, Furasol
powder.
The various feeds and
fodders used in livestock feeding are broadly classified as: A)
Roughages; B) Concentrates; C) Feed supplements and Feed additives.
Roughages – Roughages are the feed stuffs which contain more than 18
percent crude fiber and less than 60 percent Total Digestible Nutrients.
Due to higher crude fiber content, they are more bulky and have low
digestibility as compared to concentrates. 1) Maintenance type –
Containing 35
percent DCP e.g. Green maize, oat. 2) Nonmaintenance
type – containing less than 3 percent DCP e.g. Straw, kadbi. 3)
Production type – containing more than 5 percent DCP e.g. Berseem,
lucerne. (DCP – Digestible Crude Protein) The roughages are further
classified into two major group as: 1) Green / succulent roughages –
They contain about 6090
percent moisture eg. Pastures, cultivated
fodders, tree leaves, root crops and silages. 2) Dry roughages – They
contain about 1015
percent moisture e.g. Straw, Hay and kadbi.
Concentrates
These are the feedstuffs
which contain less than 18
percent crude fibre and more
than 60 percent TDN. They
are less bulky and have
higher digestibility. They are
concentrated source of
nutrients and therefore, they
have higher nutritive value
than roughages. The concentrates are further classified as: 1) Energy Rich
Concentrates – e.g. Cereal grains, cereal grain byproducts, Roots and
tubers. 2) Protein Rich Concentrates – i) Plant origin e.g. Oilseed cake,
pulse chuni, Brewer’s grains and yeast. ii) Animal origin e.g. Fish meal,
Meat meal, Blood meal
Feed Supplements
Feed supplements are the compounds used to improve the nutritional
value of the basal feeds so as to take care of any deficiency. Commonly
used feed supplements are 1) Vitamin supplements e.g. Rovimix,
Vitablend, Arovit etc. 2) Mineral supplements e.g. Minimix, Milk min,
Nutrimilk, Aromin etc.
Previous Page Home Page Next Page
Feed Additives
Feed additives are the nonnutritive
substances usually added to basal
feed in small quantity for the fortification in order to improve feed
efficiency and productive performance of the animals. Some commonly
used feed additives are as below: 1) Antibiotics e.g. Terramycin, Zinc
bacitracin, Flavomycin etc. 2) Enzymes e.g. Amylase, lipase, protease,
pepsin etc. 3) Hormones eg. Estrogen, progesterone, hexosterol etc. 4)
Thyroprotein e.g. Iodinated casein. 5) Probiotics e.g. Microbial species.
Lactobacillus. 6) Biostimulators e.g. Extracts of living organs like spleen,
liver, ovary, chick embryo etc. 7) Antioxidants e.g. Vitamin E
(Tocopherols), BHT ( Butylated hydroxy toluene). 8) Mold inhibitors e.g.
Propionic acid, acetic acid. 9) Pellet binders e.g Gur, meal, molasses,
sodium bentonite. 10) Coccidiostats e.g. Amprolsol powder, Furasol
powder.
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